Definitions

Zakat: It came from Arabic root z-k-w (ز ك و), meaning to purify. It is one of the five pillars of Islam, Zakat is an obligatory annual payment. It's a highly structured form of giving with specific rules and conditions.

Sadaqah: Derived from the Arabic word 'Sidq' (truth), Sadaqah encompasses all righteous acts that reflect sincerity. It's voluntary and flexible. All actions of righteousness in Islam are a form of Sadaqah, as they reflect the sincerity and truth in the heart of the doer.

Sadaqah is the voluntary act of kindness or goodness by someone without expectation of anything in return. This may entail the giving of not only money, but also food and clothing, and extends as far as a kind word, a smile or even removing obstructions on a path. Sadaqah is incredibly broad in what it can be, and so many good actions we do for others, if done with the intention of reward, can become Sadaqah.

Zakat and Sadaqah are two distinct forms of charity in Islam, and they differ in terms of their nature, obligations, and the way they are implemented. Here are the main differences between them:

Obligatory vs. Voluntary:

Zakat is a mandatory obligation in Islamic law and is considered one of the Five Pillars of Islam. Every Muslim who meets the criteria is required to pay Zakat.

Sadaqah, on the other hand, is a voluntary act of charity that Muslims can give to earn the pleasure of Allah.

Timing and Frequency:

Zakat is typically paid after a specific period, such as an Islamic lunar year, once the assets have reached a certain threshold.

Sadaqah can be given at any time and there is no fixed schedule for its payment.

Eligibility Criteria:

Zakat is given to specific recipients who meet certain criteria of need and poverty.

Sadaqah can be given to anyone, without any specific eligibility requirements.

Calculation:

Zakat is calculated based on the total savings over a specified period, including items like gold and jewelry that are subject to Zakat.

Sadaqah does not have a set calculation method and is based on the individual's willingness and means to give.

Spiritual and Material Rewards:

Both Zakat and Sadaqah bring spiritual satisfaction and material benefits to the giver and the receiver, but Zakat holds special significance as one of the Five Pillars of Islam.

Impact on Inheritance:

If a person dies owing Zakat, their heirs are required to pay it from the estate before distributing inheritance, as it takes precedence over wills and inheritance rights.

Sadaqah is not tied to inheritance and does not affect the distribution of an individual's estate.

These distinctions reflect the Islamic perspective on charity and wealth distribution, aiming to assist different segments of society through various means and encouraging believers to perform good deeds